Reform of World Governance Arrangements on Mining Sectors Based on the Principles of Justice and Sustainability

摘要

This research aims to analyze the problem of weak world governance in the field of mining in order to provide justice in the economic field of mine management and sustainable environmental stewardship, so that environmental execution can be maintained, and it can minimize the impact of mining exploration. The absence of international regulations governing mining governance, particularly from any organ under the United Nations causes the absence of international standards over mining activities. This leads countries to ultimately implementing various mining rules depending on theirown experience and law enforcement. Here itis important to explore whetherit is possible to establish certain international rules for mining activities that generally involve developing countries as producing countries and developed countries as investors, given that the management in the mining sector is a business that requires a large cost. Learning from Indonesia's experience, this research will explore some core aspects that have to be regulated in the prospective international rules. Therefore, international guidelines may be found to assist countries in managing their mining laws, especially for developing countries where fair and sustainable development interests are often defeated by economic interests alone. In addition, the international rules on mining will be able to direct the behaviour of multinational companies (MNCs) that mostly comes from developed countries to pay more attention to environmental aspects.