In addition to radiographs, advanced imaging such as computed tomography, musculoskeletal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear scintigraphy, or (needle) arthroscopy may help to detect the cause of lamenessDisorders of the cervical spine, muscles, tendons, nails and pads, or the possibility of immune mediated mono- or polyarthritis or other forms of arthritis should be contemplatedRegarding treatment of unusual cases for which no pertinent literature is available, consider reaching out to colleagues, previous mentors and consider participation in specific online forumsFor specific orthopedic (histo)pathology concerns, contact an expert in that field.
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