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Biodiesel Production from Ethanolysis of DPO Using Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) based Choline Chloride - Ethylene Glycol as Co-Solvent

机译:使用深凝胶溶剂(DES)基氯乙烯 - 乙二醇作为共溶剂,从DPO乙醇解的生物衍生生产

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Biodiesel is usually produced from transesterification using methanol or ethanol as alcohol. However, biodiesel produced using methanol has several disadvantages because methanol is toxic and not entirely bio-based as it is generally produced from petroleum, natural gas and coal. On the other hand, ethanol also has several disadvantages such as lower reactivity in transesterification process and formation of stable emulsion between ester and glycerol. To improve ethanolysis process, deep eutectic solvent (DES) was prepared from choline chloride and ethylene glycol to be used as co-solvent in ethanolysis. Deep eutectic solvent was prepared by mixing choline chloride and ethylene glycol at molar ratio of 1:2, temperature of 80°C, and stirring speed of 300 rpm for 1 hour. The DES was characterized by its density and viscosity. The ethanolysis of DPO/Degummed Palm Oil was performed at 70°C, ethanol to oil molar ratio of 9:1, catalyst (potassium hydroxide) concentration of 0.75 wt.% concentration, co-solvent (DES) concentration of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 wt.%, stirring speed of 600 rpm, and reaction time of 1 hour. The obtained biodiesel was then characterized by its density, viscosity and ester content. The oil - ethanol phase condition was observed in reaction tube. The oil - ethanol phase with DES tends to form meniscus compared to that without DES. Which implied that oil and ethanol become more slightly miscible, which favours the reaction. Using DES as co-solvent in ethanolysis resulted in an increase in yield and easier purification. The esters properties met the international standards ASTM D6751, with highest yield achieved at 81.72 % with 99.35 % ethyl ester contents at 4% DES concentration.
机译:生物柴油通常是用甲醇或乙醇作为醇的酯交换。然而,使用甲醇生产的生物柴油具有几个缺点,因为甲醇是有毒的,并且不完全基于生物,因为它通常由石油,天然气和煤产生。另一方面,乙醇还具有若干缺点,例如替代酯交换过程的反应性和酯和甘油之间的稳定乳液的形成。为了改善乙醇分解过程,深红色溶剂(DES)由氯乙烯和乙二醇制备,用作乙醇分解的共溶剂。通过将胆碱和乙二醇混合在摩尔比为1:2,温度为80℃,搅拌300rpm的搅拌速度1小时,制备深度共晶溶剂。该渣度的特征在于其密度和粘度。 DPO /脱胶棕榈油的乙醇分解在70℃,乙醇到油摩尔比为9:1,催化剂(氢氧化钾)浓度为0.75重量%。%浓度,共溶剂(DES)浓度为1,2, 3,4,5和6wt。%,搅拌速度为600rpm,反应时间为1小时。然后,所获得的生物柴油的特征在于其密度,粘度和酯含量。在反应管中观察到油乙醇相条件。与DES相比,用DES的油乙醇相趋于形成弯月面。这暗示油和乙醇变得更加略微混溶,这有利于反应。使用DES作为乙醇分解的共溶剂导致产量增加,更容易纯化。酯特性符合国际标准的ASTM D6751,最高产率为81.72%,含有99.35%的乙酯含量为4%浓度。

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