The Study of Ultrasonic Treatment Influence on the Physical-Chemical Properties of TiO_2/SnO_2= 1:1 Composition

摘要

1 Introduction The development and manufacturing of single nanostructural materials with multiple applications has been attracting significant attention due to unique properties. Among of all nanomaterials, TiO_2 is widely used due to its high photocatalytic activity, nontoxicity, environmentally friendliness and long term chemical and catalytic stability. Despite wide range practical application of TiO_2, such as in solar energy harvesting, wastewater management, gas sensing, and organic transformation, because of their openness and attractive physico-chemical properties [1-5], a lot of investigations are concentrated on increasing its efficiency and improvement of physico-chemical properties. The effective resolution of these problems involves coupling TiO_2 with another nanosized metal oxide semiconductor in order to enhance its selectivity and to increase the surface area by avoiding grain growth [6]. Titanium dioxide is usually coupled with M_xS_y or M_xO_y type semiconducting materials in various systems such as TiO_2/CdS [7], TiO_2/ZnO [8], TiO_2/CeO_2 [9], TiO_2/Fe_xO_y [10], TiO_2/WO_3 [11, 12], TiO_2/MoO_3 [13], etc. that can increase its activity by increasing its active surface area. In particular, SnO_2 is a suitable material for coupling with TiO_2 because of its useful physical properties, and thus it is employed in a variety of commercial devices [14]. Furthermore, the similarities in the structure of TiO_2 and SnO_2 allow them to form a heterojunction hybrid between the two oxides [15]. This can lead to the formation of intermixed electronic density states and reduce the grain size to allow appropriate separation of the photogenerated electrons and holes, which facilitates the degradation of organic pollutants [16, 17] as well as providing the capacity to sense various gases [18]. On the other hand, any information connected with the catalytic properties of this composition on the other catalytic reactions exists in the literature. A considerable nu