The value of rattan biomass as bio waste can be improved by utilizing and recycling these bio waste for the production of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). To achieve this aim, these research prepared nanocrystalline cellulose from rattan biomass by using sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The samples were designated as follows: NCC50 from a 50% acid concentration, NCC55 from a 55% acid concentration, NCC60 from a 60% acid concentration and NCC65 from a 65% acid concentration of sulfuric acid. The results indicated that the yield of the nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was 43% under the optimum conditions of 60% of sulfuric acid concentration. The functional groups and crystallinity index of nanocrystalline celluloses (NCCs) were showed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR shows that nanocrystalline celluloses (NCCs) have the typical chemical structure of cellulose. X-ray diffraction indicates that crystallinity index was increased by sulfuric acid addition until 60% sulfuric acid addition with the amount of 87.94%.
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