Perspectives of mariculture development in Polish Baltic coastal zone

摘要

Mariculture - defined as a culture of marine organisms - is the most demanding form of aquaculture in terms of technological advancement. This is due to the fact that the conventional farms are typically located in the marine environment, the most demanding of all aquatic environments. The increased interest in the world aquaculture resulted in searching new opportunities to develop aquaculture also in Poland. Unfortunately due to the shape of the Polish Baltic Sea coast, most commonly used methods mariculture are inapplicable in the Polish conditions. Possibility of applying at the Polish coast culture systems such as: cage culture onshore and offshore, onshore aquaculture recirculation system and sea-ranching, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA), mollusc farming (onshore and offshore) and culture of macroalgaes is presented and discussed in the paper. It was found that it was aquaculture recirculation system which, as the technology relatively independent of the marine environment, is prospective for the Polish zone of the Baltic Sea. The technology can be effectively applied for production of Atlantic salmon, turbot and rainbow trout. First farm of Atlantic salmon using Jurassic groundwater with average salinity of 13 ppt is also presented. The future for marine farming in the Polish offshore would be possibly installation of wind turbines and location of marine farms in their vicinity. For the time being, the real way of development of mariculture in Poland is construction of closed systems onshore including those integrated with hydroponics.