Flavor evolution of supernova neutrinos in turbulent matter

摘要

The neutrino signal from the next galactic supernova carries with it an enormous amount of information on the explosion mechanism of a core-collapse supernova, as well as on the stellar progenitor and on the neutrinos themselves. In order to extract this information we need to know how the neutrino flavor evolves over time due to the interplay of neutrino self-interactions and matter effects. Additional turbulence in the supernova matter may impart its own signatures on the neutrino spectrum, and could partly obscure the imprints of collective and matter effects. We investigate the neutrino flavor evolution due to neutrino self-interactions, matter effects due to the shock wave propagation, and turbulence in three progenitors with masses of 8.8 M_⊙, 10.8 M_⊙ and 18.0 M_⊙. In the lightest progenitor we find that the impact of moderate turbulence of the order 10% is limited and occurs only briefly early on. This makes the signatures of collective and matter interactions relatively straightforward to interpret. Similarly, with moderate turbulence the two heavier progenitors exhibit only minor changes in the neutrino spectrum, and collective and matter signatures persists. However, when the turbulence is increased to 30% and 50% the high density matter resonance features in the neutrino spectrum get obscured, while new features arise in the low density resonance channel and in the non-resonant channels. We conclude that with moderate amounts of turbulence spectral features of collective and matter interactions survive in all three progenitors. For the larger amounts of turbulence in the 10.8 M_⊙ and 18.0 M_⊙ progenitor new features arise, as others disappear.