Feasibility of gravity and magnetic separation for Yxsjoberg historical tungsten ore tailings

摘要

Repositories of historical tailings (HT) pose environmental risks but could also become new resources for valuable metals. This is because relatively high minerals and metals content characterize them due to less efficient extraction methods and/or relatively low metal prices at the time. In this investigation, geometallurgical studies were conducted by collecting drill core samples (DCS) from the Smaltjarnen tailings repository in Yxsjoberg, Sweden. The collected DCS were from the main layers of the longest drill core, and were characterized physically (color, texture, moisture content and particle size distribution) and chemically (elemental composition and distribution, and mineralogical composition). The characterization of DCS indicated that the tailings mass distribution was high in the coarser particle size fraction of +149 μm. Tungsten (W) and Copper (Cu) were the metals of interest with highest concentrations being 0.22 %WO_3 and 0.11 %Cu. Feasible physical separation methods selected were Knelson concentrator, LIMS and HIMS, based on the knowledge from literature, tailings characteristics, and assessment of processes from which the Yxsjoberg HT were produced. Using the Knelson concentrator, the recovery of scheelite, which is the main W mineral, was enhanced, with 75 wt.% tungsten recovered in the 34 wt.% of concentrate produced. In magnetic separation, sulphur (S) was mostly recovered in the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic fractions with only 1.0 wt.% in the non-magnetic fraction, meaning pyrrhotite, the main Fe-sulphide mineral in the HT responsible for AMD, was separated to the desired magnetic fractions of the LIMS and HIMS. These results are fundamental in the development of methods for separation of valuable minerals from these HT in order to produce an inert and environmentally safe residue.