Previously, we reported the discovery of bismuth polyurethane curatives that are stable and soluble in water. These curatives maintain the typically high performance seen with traditional bismuth carboxylate compounds, even in the presence of high levels of water over long storage periods. Bismuth-based curatives remain interesting to the polyurethane community because of their high reactivity and very low toxicity. In the 2016 CPI Conference Proceedings, we reported performance and toxicity results of our hydrolytically stable bismuth catalysts in systems with HFO blowing agents. It is important to note that these new blowing agents require metal catalysts due to their different reaction profiles when compared to HFC blowing agents. In this expanded report, longer term data suggest that our bismuth catalysts work well in HFO systems and are stable over long periods, up to 12 months in certain formulations. In this paper, we expand on previous reactivity and shelf-life studies with our new bismuth catalysts in polyurethane foam formulations. We also share our initial investigation into the comparative kinetics of our new bismuth catalysts and industry standard metal-organic catalysts.
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