BALANCED ANESTHESIA IN SMALL ANIMAL PATIENTS: INCORPORATING LOCAL AND REGIONAL ANESTHESIA

摘要

1. Local and regional anesthetic techniques can improve a patient's intraoperative hemodynamic stability and post-operative analgesia.2. Local anesthetics, specifically bupivacaine and lidocaine, remain the agents used most frequently to achieve local and regional anesthesia. The addition of other agents, such as opioid analgesics, for some regional techniques can improve the quality and duration of the analgesia provided.3. The advantages, risks and contraindications for epidural anesthesia, intravenous regional, peripheral nerve blocks, intra-articular blocks, intrathoracic, intraperitoneal, as well as local infiltration block, should be considered on an individual patient basis.