With the launch of Sputnik the U.S. and Russia began the process of tracking artificial satellites. This led to developments for observations, orbit determination, and catalog maintenance. The two countries followed somewhat different approaches to the same problem based on the available hardware and theoretical developments. As more sophisticated hardware and theories have been developed, progress has been made. However, new problems have developed due to debris, collision possibilities, and reentering objects. Also, the range of spacecraft has increased to include geosynchronous orbits. In more recent times the European Space Agency (ESA) and China have become involved in various aspects of Space Surveillance. In 1994 the first meeting between U.S. and Russian experts in the field of space surveillance was held. Since then, seven more U.S.–Russia Space Surveillance Workshops have been held, with the addition of participants from ESA. Terry Alfriend has been the U.S. Technical Chairman for many of these workshops. In 2009 a U.S.–China Space Surveillance Technical Interchange was held in Shanghai, China, and Terry was the U.S. Technical Chairman.
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机译：随着美国和俄罗斯的推出开始了跟踪人造卫星的过程。这导致了观察，轨道确定和目录维护的发展。基于可用的硬件和理论发展，这两国遵循同样不同的方法。由于开发了更复杂的硬件和理论，已经取得了进展。然而，由于碎片，碰撞可能性和重新进入物体，新问题已经开发出来。而且，航天器的范围增加到包括地球同步轨道。在最近的次数欧洲航天局（ESA）和中国已经参与了太空监测的各个方面。 1994年，在空间监督领域的美国和俄罗斯专家之间的第一次会面。从那以后，已经举办了七个我们的俄罗斯空间监测研讨会，从ESA增加了参与者。 Terry Alfriend一直是其中许多研讨会的美国技术董事长。 2009年，美国 - 中国空间监测技术交汇处在上海，中国，特里是美国技术主席。
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