Nanotechnology is a way of rendering surfaces and interconnect materials more active. As such it can be applied to surface finishes and interconnect materials to enable connections at lower temperatures with tailored properties. This paper reviews materials reaching the market and outlines the steps necessary for them to be fully accepted by the industry. INTRODUCTION Five years ago I gave my first Pan-Pac talk on nanotechnology and its impact on the SMT industry. As with any new technology, there is a great deal of uncertainty when and where new products will be commercialized. This has been compounded by an especially extreme business cycle where we have seen boom (until 2008) bust (2008-2009) and a sharp recovery which has left many companies bankrupt or with their development staffs decimated.
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