The management of esophageal cancer has evolved in the past two decades. Previously, all esophageal cancers were considered and treated uniformly. This homogeneous approach was best evidenced in the often quoted randomized clinical trials published in this era that evaluated neoadjuvant therapy. In these trials, neither tumor stage nor tumor type was taken into consideration when designing the trials. The result of this homogeneous approach reverberates to this day. Constant reference to these older, flawed trials has resulted in a muddied understanding of the management of esophageal cancer.
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