2.10 Integrated Modelling of Allergenic Pollen: Phenological Stages, Pollen Release and Transport for Different Species

摘要

Pollen can be considered as one of types of atmospheric natural "pollution" with direct health impact. There are many different pollen grains in the atmosphere during spring and summer. Some of them are harmless but some other, like birch, olive, alder, grasses and ragweed, can have remarkable allergenic impacts. Pollen grains of wind pollinated species can be transported from tens of kilometres (e.g., some grass species and mugwort) to thousands of kilometres (e.g., birch and ragweed) depending on size and other features of the pollen grain. In all cases, pollen prediction is not a local problem but rather requires an integrated modelling system, which would include both numerical weather prediction and dispersion models, as well as models for start and end of flowering and pollen release characterization. Current paper presents such a system developed in Finnish Meteorological Institute, which has been used and evaluated over Europe since 2005.