Temperature dependence of HOMO-LUMO levels and open circuit voltage for P3HT:PCBM organic solar cells

摘要

In this study, the open circuit voltage (V_(OC)) of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C_(61)-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells was measured at temperatures ranging from 300 K to 400 K. The temperature dependence of the vacuum shift and of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of P3HT and PCBM were measured by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) in the same temperature range. The temperature dependence of the absorption edge was also studied in the same temperature range to obtain the temperature variation of the optical band gap energy (E_g). The measured V_(OC) of the devices showed a clear decreasing trend with increasing operating temperature and the total decrease was found to be about 0.1 V. Although the origin of V_(OC) is still not fully understood it is generally believed that the energy level offset between the HOMO of the donor and the LUMO of the acceptor minus the exciton binding energy (0.3 eV) directly determines the value of V_(OC). However, by utilizing the measured values of the HOMO for the P3HT (donor) and of the LUMO for the PCBM (acceptor), we have found that the calculated values of V_(OC) and its temperature dependence do not agree with the measured V_(OC) values. This indicates that factors other than the offset between the HOMO of the donor and the LUMO of the acceptor materials are impacting V_(OC).