Middle mountain catchments in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region are the heavily populated and mainly rainfed headwaters of many smaller, but not less important rivers, and the tributaries of the larger North-South rivers draining the mountain system. The catchments are in a fragile and vulnerable region from the perspective of water scarcity, flooding and soil erosion. It is these catchments which caused the theory of the "Himalayan Environmental Degradation" (Eckholm, 1976).
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