FUNCTIONAL MECHANICS AND TIME IRREVERSIBILITY PROBLEM

摘要

The time irreversibility problem is the problem of how to explain that there is the reversible microscopic dynamics and the irreversible macroscopic physics. In this paper an attempt is performed of the following solution of the irreversibility problem: a formulation of microscopic dynamics is suggested which is irreversible in time. In this way the contradiction between the reversibility of microscopic dynamics and irreversibility of macroscopic dynamics is avoided since both dynamics in the proposed approach are irreversible. A widely used notion of microscopic state of the system at a given moment of time as a point in the phase space does not have an immediate physical meaning since arbitrary real numbers are non observable. In the approach presented in this paper the physical meaning is attributed not to an individual trajectory but only to a bunch of trajectories or to the distribution function on the phase space. The fundamental equation of the microscopic dynamics in the proposed "functional" approach is not the Newton equation but the Liouville equation for the distribution function of the single particle. Solutions of the Liouville equation have the property of delocalization which accounts for irreversibility. It is shown that the Newton equation in this approach appears as an approximate equation describing the dynamics of the average values of the position and momenta for not too long time intervals. Corrections to the Newton trajectories are computed. Possible applications to the information and molecular dynamics are mentioned.