Tokamaks, where a hot plasma (electron temperature Te ～ a few keV) is confined by magnetic fields into a toroidal chamber (close magnetic lines), are the most promising magnetic fusion devices. Currently, only deuterium is routinely used (D + D reaction) but the future tokamak ITER will use tritium (D + T reaction). Radial transport carries ions to the plasma edge where they are guided to walls through open magnetic field lines. Up to now, carbon has been the favourite material for parts of the walls receiving the highest fluxes of heat and particles, in particular because of its good thermal conductivity. In the French tokamak Tore Supra, the main Plasma Facing Component (PFC) is the toroidal limiter, a castellated assembly of 2 x 2 cm~2 tiles made in a C/C composite provided by the SPS company (Sepcarb?N11).
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