Programming Languages as Tools for Describing and Modeling Anticipatory Systems

摘要

Algorithmizing the control of a complex system needs to know it in details, especially when the control steps are tested at a simulation model of the system. Computing technique enables performing control so that possible consequences to more or less distant future states is tested and optimized. So the system becomes anticipatory one in the traditional sense. The simulation model of it consists of two (or more) levels - the "global" or "outer" one, in which one or more "internal" or "internal" models occur; they reflect the model used by the global one for reflecting the control existing in it. That phenomenon carries obstacles rooting in nesting world viewings, nesting formal theories and nesting parts of knowledge. Nevertheless, all the obstacles were already surmounted by use of programming languages that are object-oriented, process-oriented and block-oriented. In case such a language is isolated from the hardware aspects of the applied computer it can be used as a suitable (and may be unique) tool for exact description of complex systems, namely of those that are anticipatory and intelligent. In the paper, the development of such languages, their present state and simple examples of application in industry and services is described.