Environmental quality of living environment assessment including on-road and on-site exposure to noise and air pollution.

摘要

The quality of the local living environment can be significantly degraded by traffic noise (and air pollution). Local traffic is often not well resolved by the available traffic model. Moreover it has been recognized that the appraisal of the living environment is determined by the whole neighborhood and not only by the exposure at home. The model introduced in this work, proposes an approach to account for these aspects. We unravel what environmental quality of the living environment means based on a literature study and a social survey assigns weights to each basic component. To estimate these components, a detailed traffic model is constructed. The traffic demand used in this model combines large-scale demand with and estimated of local demand based on statistics of movements of people and their destination using a Monte Carlo sampling. This traffic information on the one hand leads to detailed exposure maps for noise, air quality and safety. On the other hand it allows estimating exposure at home, on the road and at the destination. For the latter, detailed travel demand statistics are combined with statistics for available travel modi (foot, bike, car, public transport) to select routes from the traffic model and obtain individual exposure.