The paper presents an overview of the reasons for charge reduction in air conditioning and refrigeration systems, lists the location of the refrigerant inventory in the system, and discusses strategies for charge reduction: in heat exchangers, compressors (oil), and pipes. The focus is on heat exchangers, microchannel and plate in particular. In addition two examples of extremely low inventory systems, one with propane (R290) and the other, ammonia (R717) air cooled chiller, are presented and discussed.
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