REACTIVITY OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS WITH CHLORINE AND CHLORAMINES IN THE PRESENCE OF BROMIDE AND IODIDE

摘要

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) include a wide range of chemicals such as prescription and over-the-counter drugs, fragrances, diagnostic agents, and a litany of other compounds commonly added to household items. By both excretion and simply by washing products down the drain, PPCPs and their degradation products are constantly introduced into wastewater treatment utilities. As a result of incomplete removal and sludge disposal processes and their persistence in natural systems, PPCPs can be detected in nearly every aquatic environment. Numerous studies have shown PPCP contamination of both raw and treated drinking waters at the ng/L to μg/L level.