Recently, anionic dopants, such as nitrogen, have been shown to extend the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 into the visible-light region. Subsequently, anion-doped TiO2 has attracted considerable attention. However, anion doping intrinsically leads to the serious problem of massive charge carrier recombination that fundamentally limits the photoactivity of anion-doped TiO2 under visible light illumination.
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