Dissipative dynamic theory for open many-electron systems: Hierarchical equations-of-motion approach

摘要

We present an exact quantum dissipation theory in terms of the hierarchical equations-of-motion formalism for an arbitrary open electronic system. This formalism provides a theoretical tool to study various transient and stationary properties of many-body systems far away from equilibrium. In contact with transport current, we explicitly show that how the hierarchial scheme relates to various tunneling processes, such as sequential tunneling, cotunneling, and high-order events. The present hierarchical scheme numerically converges in general. It accounts for the combined effects of the many-particle interaction within the system and the nature of the system-bath coupling. In particular, for noninteracting systems, it terminates at the second tier exactly.