A DESIGN PROCESS FOR CONCEPTUALLY BASED, COUNTERINTUITIVE PROBLEMS

摘要

In recent work funded by the National Science Foundation (DUE-0411320), significant improvement in student performance and retention in a sophomore dynamics class was obtained using a series of interventions. These improvements and the interventions have been described elsewhere. One component of each intervention is the use of a counter-intuitive (CI) problem based classroom activity. The term "counter-intuitive" refers to a problem that appears to have an obvious, simple answer yet displays a behavior opposite to "common sense." The significance of these counter-intuitive activities was discussed in previous publications and the hypothesis proposed to explain their significance is that they produce learning moments by creating a sense of surprise and excitement in the students. This paper presents a heuristic that can be used to help create new counterintuitive learning activities. Although the act of creation can never be automated, it is possible to: (1) establish criteria for a "good" activity, (2) provide resources for identifying underlying concepts, and (3) suggest thought processes to guide in creating the activity. The process described in this paper was tested in a faculty workshop where faculty worked to prepare learning activities. The workshop included faculty from several Engineering departments and the college of science. Faculty worked in areas they were comfortable teaching. Workshop results suggest that the design process is valid and it is possible to develop counter-intuitive activities for several disciplines. The processes presented in the paper are based on prior literature that describes what other authors have used successfully. The contributions of the present paper are: (a) to gather these resources together in one location, (b) the establishment of a design procedure for counter-intuitive learning activities, and (c) testing of the design process.