IMPROVING THE LEARNING PROCESS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY COURSES FOR UNIVERSITY GRADUATE STUDIES

摘要

Most subjects in University degrees, in particular within technical and biological degrees, have an applied component. However, frequently, graduate students are unable to develop attitudes for which they are expected to be trained. The main reason for this paradox is a traditional transmission of knowledge in which students are mere receptors of information. At this respect, one of the objectives of the Bologna Treaty consists of basing the learning process in the acquisition of competences. In the academic course 2007/08, two new subjects namely Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and In Vitro Culture and Plant Transformation (CiV) started in the “Licenciatura de Biotecnologia” (Biotechnology degree) at the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia. In order to fit both subjects to the Bologna Declaration, we decided, as lecturers, to introduce from the beginning a dynamization method to encourage students to take part in classroom activities and to reinforce the acquisition of knowledge, procedures, and attitudes related to the in vitro culture and plant genetic transformation. Such activities took into account the high dynamism of these scientific disciplines and were focused on promoting the critical judgement and scientific spirit of the students. Thus, for each subject, groups of 4-5 students were asked to make a revision of several scientific papers (published in the last 4-5 years) and to perform a presentation of it at the end of the semester. This activity accounted for 30% of the total score of the subject. On the other hand, lectures were stopped every 30 minutes and students had to answer individually a “one-minute question” related to the previous explanations and involving essential points of both subjects which could appear in the tests. Additionally, some lectures were completed with evaluable classroom activities based on the reading and interpretation of parts of scientific papers (accounting up to 10% of the total score). Most students (95%) performed the scientific review and as an average, 5 and 6 tutorial sessions per group were necessary to finish it in GMOs and CiV, respectively. Most questions were solved by personal appointments with the lecturers (and much less through virtual means) and these questions referred mainly to the global vision of the experiments and handling scientific references. The level of both scientific reviews and presentations were very satisfactory and students showed a high degree of knowledge. In addition, we encouraged students to ask questions to their classmates and they showed a remarkable level for both questions and answers. On the basis of the “one-minute questions”, we found a high degree of comprehension of our lectures. Finally, the results of the tests revealed what we deduced from the previous activities. Most students (>95%) passed the tests and the average marks were also high (marks above 7 on a 0 to 10 scale), which made that both GMOs and CiV were amongst the subjects of higher success of the Biotechnology degree. The efficiency of our methodology is discussed.