An Instructional Framework for the Integration of Engineering into Middle School Science Classrooms

摘要

A Framework for K-12 Science Education describes three dimensions of science and engineering. These dimensions include core ideas from life science, physical science, earth and space science and engineering, a set of crosscutting concepts that span across these four disciplines, and eight practices that are used in science and engineering to develop and revise new knowledge about the natural or material world. This description of science and engineering is intended to convey a more realistic understanding of what science is and how science is done. The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) were developed based on these three dimensions of science and engineering. The NGSS are a set of performance expectations that describe what all students should be able to do at the end of each grade level to guide the development of new curricula, instructional approaches, and assessments.