Designers traditionally prefer to use empirical equations and model tunnel liners as continuous circular rings. However, segmental liners incorporate longitudinal and circumferential joints. 2D and 3D finite element (FE) software can be used to investigate the effect of number of joints, joint stiffness and joint geometry on the structural behavior of a segmental lining system.This paper provides the result of a parametric study using 2D analyses for different tunnel diameters and providing comparison with different empirical solutions. It also presents the difference between 2D and 3D analyses for segmental lining with various joint boundaries and geometry.
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