Comparative risk assessment (CRA) has become an increasingly accepted research tool and has helped to characterize environmental profiles and priorities on the regional and national level. Micro studies in comparative risk assessment are comparisons of interrelated risks involved in a specific policy choice (e.g. drinking water safety: chemical versus microbial disease risks) and focus often on one or a few types of environmental problem. At a larger scale are statewide or nationwide applications of CRA or programmatic CRA that consider multi-risks facing the society by comparing different types of environmental problems. This chapter reviews micro studies and macro applications of comparative risk assessment and then discusses future directions.
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