Introduction of context in a human performance model to predict performance for new air traffic management initiatives

摘要

The introduction of new technical advancements in aviation has changed the fundamental nature of tasks, which has an impact on several issues including procedures, rules, responsibilities, and communications. Human Performance Modeling (HPM) tools have been developed to predict human workload, task performance times, and other performance parameters, associated with these procedural changes. Little attention has been paid to the environmental (i.e. full work context, organizational, technical and practical) impact on behavior and the cognitive processes in which they are generated. This paper describes a new functionality to the HPM tool, Man Machine Integrated Design and Analysis System (MIDAS), whereby the cognitive processes used to accomplish goals change in response to contextual differences. This new functionality is conceptually based on the Hollnagel's Contextual Control Model (CoCoM) [1]. The impact of two contextual parameters, number of simultaneous goals and look-ahead time on three control modes (unplanned, tactical and strategic modes) was coded into MIDAS. Behavioral characteristics for each control mode were defined using variables like order of goals, frequency of planning-done, time-pressure, state of the goals, and workload. In general, the model predicted behavior of the operator in the different control modes while accomplishing air traffic management tasks.