In most high risk systems, standardization in the form of standard operating procedures has been developed with ever increasing detail in order to streamline human action and to reduce its influence as a risk factor. While generally there is an understanding that rules are useful guides for safe behaviour, there is also an increasing concern that too many rules incrementally developed will not make up a good system to help human actors do the right thing especially in states of abnormal operation where they would need strong, but also flexible guidance (e.g. Amalberti 1999). Another basic problem with standardization is that especially in non-routine situations reliance on common standards may turn into an overreliance, impeding switches to more explicit coordination and with that switches to higher levels of common action regulation, i.e. switches from skill-based to rule-based or from rule-based to knowledge-based behaviour.
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