Towards biotechnical pest management of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)

摘要

The western corn rootworm (WCR) {Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of the 10 most damaging insect pests in worldwide grain production. Damage and control costs of WCR in maize {Zea mays) in the USA, for example, reach1 billion US$ annually. Following its introduction to Europe (prior to 1992), WRC populations are steadily increasing, and the pest is also greatly extending its geographical range. Ultimately, European damage levels may reach and match those in the USA.WCR is a notoriously difficult insect to control and manage, as the history of maize cultivation over the past 50 years amply demonstrates. The genetic base of WCR is very broad, and allows numerous unexpected adaptations, including 'crop rotation resistant' WCR populations. Exclusive control by pesticides is highly problematic, because of the rapid selection of resistant strains. Therefore, environmentally compatible and sustainable plant protection require novel approaches to WCR management, including biotechnical strategies with the preferential use of naturll or nature-related signal compounds.