Biology, Behavior, and Management of Flies associated with Animal Agriculture

摘要

Of the many thousands of species of true flies (order Diptera), only a few have a close association with animals. Of particular significance are those fly species that complete their immature development in animal feces and are therefore called "filthflies" (Table 1). Wet feces are an excellent developmental environment for these filth fly species, while also supporting the survival of many disease-causing pathogens. In addition to contact with feces during immature development, adult flies will visit feces to feed and to deposit eggs. To acquire nutrients needed for adult survival and egg development, some of these fly species also feed readily on available animal feed, as well as on sweat or other animal body secretions.