IN SITU INVESTIGATIONS OF CATALYSTS AND CATALYTIC REACTION MECHANISMS Part 2. In situ laser Raman, FTIR spectroscopies, environmental HREM techniques

摘要

The development and utilization of physical techniques during the past 40 years has permitted precise characterisation of many catalytic systems at a molecular level in homogeneous and heterogeneous phases. Two main aspects have been considered: (a) Structural and chemical characterisations of the materials from their starting state up to the activated/working state. (b) Characterisation of the adsorbed species and, in particular, of the intermediate species.