New portable noninvasive spectrophotometric apparatus for clinical diagnostic applications

摘要

Today the noninvasive (in vivo, in situ) and real-time methods of diagnostics are desirable for general clinical practice. One of such promising technique is the optical multi-wave diffusion and absorption spectrophotometry. It allows a doctor to measure a number of important medical and biological (M&B) parameters such as the blood microcirculation parameters into the soft tissues, contents of the hemoglobin fractions into the periphery blood, etc. The use of the new components of the microelectronics and optics and development of new approaches to the diagnostic data processing makes it possible to design a of number of small and effective devices for this purpose. The basic principle of work of them in means of hardware function is the multi-wave light scanning of the tested tissue's area and detecting a backscattered light. In means of software function the basic principle of work of them is the inverse optical task solution when the optical and corresponding M&B parameters of the tested medium are calculated from the measured backscattered spectral optical data. This report presents one of such designed portable apparatus "Spectrotest"~R developed in cooperation with Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute of "MONIKI". This device allows a doctor to register the index of melanin pigmentation of the skin, the volume of the blood in the tested tissue and the average hemoglobin saturation of the peripheral blood. All this parameters are available for a doctor to see them on the monitor screen in real-time mode directly during any diagnostic or treatment procedure. For that a new modified light scattering theory with the analytical solution of the main equations has been developed. Analytical solution allows the software to calculate and indicate the measured M&B parameters on the computer's monitor screen during less than one second. Today the developed diagnostic system "Spectrotest"~R is used in real clinical practice in "MONIKI" and in the Oncology Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Science for the medical research aims. The general hardware and software composites of this diagnostic apparatus and examples of the application of it for the functional diagnostic tests are presented in this report as well.