The primary challenge in artificial photosynthesis lies in the design of photoinduced electron transfer (ET) systems,which,upon photoexcitation,give rise to a long-lived charge-separated state in high quantum yields.An important design consideration merging from the natural process is that photosynthesis utilizes relays of multistep ETs,which facilitate separating radical ion pairs over long distances and,thereby,successfully retarding energy-wasting charge recombination (CR).
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