Image based design and manufacture of scaffolds for bone reconstruction

摘要

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is an approach to regenerating tissue involving the placement, into a defect, biologicaly active factors on a biomaterial scaffold. The biological factors, including MEsenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP), are known to stimulate increased tissue healing. Previous studies (Caplan and Bruder, 1997; Vacanti and Vacanti, 1997; Tsuruga et al., 1997 (have demonstrated that scaffold topology plays a critical role in the success of BTE. Scaffold pore geometry controls diffusion which in turn controls cell nutrition. Scaffold pore geometry also controls fluid flow over cells in a manner predicted by consolidation theory describing fluid movement in porous solids. Cell attachment is the process by which integrin proteins from the cell membrane bind with specific proteins on the scaffold surface. Theis binding determines the cell shape on the surface, whether it spreads or remains spherical. The binding also determines how much a cell will deform when the scaffold deforms. The cell deformation determined by scaffold deformation may affect protein synthesis by the cells, eventually influencing the final tissue regenerate. Finally, from a surgical point of view, it is desirable to generate specific geometric shapes to fill specific anatomic defects.