Radio Pay Tracing in the Ionosphere Having Horizontal Gradient of Electron concentration

摘要

In this century from 1920s to 1960s, many scientists such as Appleton, Ratcliffe, Chapman, Beynon, Booker and Martyn carryed out theoretical analyses systematically. On the property of radio hypothesized as homogeneous horizontally. On the base of these theories many methods have been put forward and used widely in practice to calculate radio path, determine electric field intensity. explain the ionograms, etc. The hypotheses are hard to hold water when radio propogates in a long distance or round the world because the ionospheric condition varies too much, for example, midnight hemisphere and daylight hemisphere, polar region, mid-latitude and equatorial zone. In fact, the ionosphere is a three-dimensional inhomogeneous medium. General speaking, the horizontal gradients require being taken into account in order to calculate the path of short wave and other parameters.