Optical carrier modulation by integrated optical devices in lithium niobate

摘要

Optical communication in space just as in fibers requires components for several modulation methods, especially for phase and intensity modulation. Proton exchanged LiNbO$-3$/ devices are used advantageously for communication components because of the high optical damage threshold, extremely high polarization maintenance, flexibility of waveguide parameters as a consequence of different annealing procedures. Examples for active devices are the phase modulator and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulator at a wavelength of 1300 nm.