Enabling circular strategies with different types of product/service-systems

摘要

To be successfully implemented, circular economy requires the design of innovative business models that can enable multiple value creation mechanisms. One way to achieve this is by means of product/service-systems. Nevertheless, there is still limited consideration in the literature regarding the effect of applying different circular strategies - or resource productivity or resource efficiency strategies - in the development of alternative business models for different product/service-system types. By means of retrospective case studies, this article discusses how different types of product/service-systems and their business models are related to or enable different circular strategies. Insights and future research opportunities are outlined.