Elements of architectural and artistic expressiveness of urban highways

摘要

In the conditions of global autobilization of the population, modern people get the first impression of getting acquainted with any city on its highways. The architectural and artistic expressiveness of the panorama of access roads to the megalopolis, of its ring roads and highways is a peculiar business card of the city, reflecting the level of its economic and cultural ' development, its status. The relevance of this analysis is that with modern broad technological possibilities of design and construction, a choice of means to achieve the architectural and artistic expressiveness of forming panorama of streets and highways is far from always effective. I the most of case the lack of application of the theoretical basis of the integration urban planning approach in the distribution of urban-forming elements along the route through urban arteries is obvious. It is necessary to analyze the features of linear, unidirectional communication spaces of the city, which are the highways. It is also necessary to analyze the specificity of the conditions of a dynamic, relatively remote perception of the panorama of highways by person. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the whole complex of his psychophysiological possibilities of perceiving visual information. The aim of the article is to perform such an analysis and give recommendations on the choice of effective means of design the panorama of communication urban spaces. On different highways, as well as on different sections of highways, the requirements for their respectability do not coincide, the conditions of perception are not homogeneous. The method of this study is the modeling of two situations most typical for a megapolis in urban highway conditions and their consideration from the point of view of the driver of the car and the passenger of public transport. Taking into account the peculiarities of the perception of the participants of the movement, taking into account the spatial parameters of each of the situational models, recommendations for the architectural solution of the main elements were developed. With regard to the structural construction of the facades of buildings that form these spaces, recommendations on the nature of their structural units, rhythmic organization and scale relationships are presented. These recommendations are the result of research and are the development of a common system of principles that reflect the objective laws of the formation of urban spaces.