CONGESTION CHARGING: INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC CONSCIOUSNESS ON ACCEPTABILITY IN JAKARTA METROPOLITAN AREA

摘要

The aim of this study is to investigate factors that contribute to influencing public approval of road pricing (RP) and parking deposit system (PDS) strategies prior to their implementation in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA). Utilizing data from a stated preference survey conducted in December 2013, a bivariate ordered probit model (BOPM) is used to reveal the factors that influence the respondents' consciousness of various characteristics of the RP and PDS bundles. Recognizing the differing constraints involved, separate models are estimated for commuter and non-commuter trip samples. The results confirm that there is a complementary relationship between approval and consciousness. The empirical evidence suggests that the characteristics of recognition, fairness, awareness and impedance of freedom have the most significant influence on public approval rate.