Managing urinary incontinence

摘要

Urinary incontinence can be caused by congenital anomalies (e.g. ectopic ureter), cystoliths and urethroliths, or multiple foalings. Unlike cystolithiasis in male horses that usually leads to dysuria and post exercise haematuria, incontinence is one of the more common complaints for mares with cystoliths. Further, pelvic canal trauma during parturition and dystocia is likely an under-recognised cause of urinary incontinence in mares.