Collocation and Integration of Back-End Fuel Cycle Facilities with the Repository: Implications for Waste Forms

摘要

The organization of the fuel cycle is a legacy of World War II and the cold war. Fuel cycle facilities were developed and deployed without consideration of the waste management implications. This led to the fuel cycle model of an isolated single-purpose geological repository for disposal of wastes shipped from distant processing facilities. There is an alternative: collocation and integration of reprocessing and other backend facilities with the repository. Such an option alters waste form functional requirements by reducing storage and transport requirements. This, in turn, broadens the choice of waste forms by relaxing the incentives to minimize waste volumes. Waste forms can be chosen primarily on meeting two goals: repository performance and minimizing costs. Less restrictive waste volume constraints enable termination of safeguards on all wastes, enable use of solubility-limited waste forms, and reduce radiation damage as a waste form limitation. The implications of such changes in waste form requirements are discussed.