Opportunities for Sustainable Development of Suburban Rural Areas on Example of Karabiha Rural Settlement

摘要

Thinking about planing cities we also should not forget about improving living condition in rural areas and their potentials for sustainable development. Karabiha rural settlement located to the south of Yaroslavl - major town of Yaroslavl region, it is extended rural area, that occupy about 217 square kilometers and contain 63 villages with overall population about 13.350 residents. Some processes, that going on here today can be also recognized in rural territories, that surround another cities and towns in Russia like increasing of building detached one-family houses and dachas, appearance of huge retail and logistic centers, but there are some features, that can help to distinguish Karabiha from another rural areas. Although Karabiha's residents dependent from center of region in labor, culture, education, health care and another needs, territory has potentials not to be only a kind of remote "bedroom community" of Yaroslavl. During the last few years in Karabiha were opened several new factories of food and construction equipment industry, ski and recreation centers, and even dolphinarium. Karabiha often associated with famous Russian poet Nikolai Nekrasov, who wrote here poems "Russian women" and "Who lives well in Russia?", today his estate transformed into a museum. Recent years Karabiha survived dramatical growth of building, that was provoked by allocation of land, mainly for individual housing. Increasing of building detached one-family houses explained not only by appearance of "newcomers" from Yaroslavl and another regions, but about a half of new homes were constructed by Karabiha's inhabitants. While Yaroslavl and Yaroslavl region demonstrate population decline, Karabiha shows grow of residents, that was ensured, on the one hand, by natality, on the other hand, by migration inflow. Population can increase more as a result of realization low-rise housing projects, that launched by government of Yaroslavl region and private sector. But in this case very important not only to rise quantity of residential real estate, but also expand quality of life in new and established residential areas, improving accessibility of education, health care, culture and sport facilities. This paper focused on determination, problems and potentials for sustainable development and smart grow of Karabiha, taking into account of local administration's responsibility.