Future charging infrastructures and energy management strategies for electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

摘要

As shortage of petroleum is considered as one of the most critical world-wide issues, costly fuel becomes a major challenge for customers. Currently, the most promising and practical solution lies in practically available electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EVs/PHEVs). An EV/PHEV can reduce fuel consumption by charging its battery from the utility grid. The typical battery charging time for EVs/PHEVs is 6–8 hours. The required charging energy will have a huge impact on the utility. Alternatively, photovoltaic (PV) panels could be used for charging PHEVs or EVs during work hours or at home.