Cities are 'mega critical' national infrastructure (MCNI) which depend on energy and water systems. This paper identifies hybrid threats to the availability of energy and water and outlines a sustainable framework for mitigation which subsumes traditional resilience approaches. Sustainable systems maintain operational capability and can endure threats, changes in technology and environmental changes. Recommendations are made for proof of concept work to model a MCNI sustainability framework that prioritises security and control ahead of safety performance so that the energy and water systems remain operational under all-hazards and safety is delivered through systems that remain under control. Emerging risks are threats from terrorism, state actors and vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks on interconnected systems, and systems designed for convergence and integration of critical operations in smart cities, smart energy and water grids and intelligent structures.
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