The impact of soil-protecting technologies on soil erosion with maize sown on arable land and grassland

摘要

Two experiments were carried out at the HZS Jevicko PLC site. The first experiment was established in May 2013 when plots were established by sowing maize into cover crops (woolly blue curls, crambe, rye) that had been sown in the autumn of 2012. Control plots without cover crop and fallow land were also included in the experiment. The inclination of the plot was 4.5°. The sowing was carried out with two types of seeding drills (Kinze 3000 and a prototype for strip-seeding PS-2) along the fall line.The second experiment was established in May 2015 when maize was sown into cultivated permanent grassland (Striger and Kuhn seeding drill) in a site located above a reservoir impounding water from the Zelivka river constituting the main source of drinking water for Prague. The land inclination was 5-7°. In both experiments, soil erosion was measured by use of a field rainfall simulator. The highest soil loss measured after torrential rain (0.447 Mg ha~(-1)) was recorded on the fallow plot consisting of bare soil without vegetation. The rye plot (0.067 Mgha~(-1)), the crambe plot (0.182 Mgha~(-1)) and woolly blue curls (0.208 Mg ha~(-1)) had lower soil loss. Maize established into permanent grassland gave excellent soil protection with low soil erosion.