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Deception through Half-Truths

机译:欺骗通过半真半假

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摘要

Deception is a fundamental issue across a diverse array of settings, from cybersecurity, where decoys (e.g., honeypots) are an important tool, to politics that can feature politically motivated "leaks" and fake news about candidates. Typical considerations of deception view it as providing false information. However, just as important but less frequently studied is a more tacit form where information is strategically hidden or leaked. We consider the problem of how much an adversary can affect a principal's decision by "half-truths", that is, by masking or hiding bits of information, when the principal is oblivious to the presence of the adversary. The principal's problem can be modeled as one of predicting future states of variables in a dynamic Bayes network, and we show that, while theoretically the principal's decisions can be made arbitrarily bad, the optimal attack is NP-hard to approximate, even under strong assumptions favoring the attacker. However, we also describe an important special case where the dependency of future states on past states is additive, in which we can efficiently compute an approximately optimal attack. Moreover, in networks with a linear transition function we can solve the problem optimally in polynomial time.
机译:欺骗是一个不同的一系列环境中的基本问题,来自网络安全,其中诱饵(例如,蜜罐)是一个重要的工具,政治可以在政治上具有政治动机的“泄漏”和关于候选人的假新闻。欺骗的典型考虑因素认为它提供虚假信息。然而,同样重要但常见的研究是一种更加默契的形式,其中信息是战略性隐藏或泄露的信息。我们认为,对手的问题可能会影响委托人的“半真半假”,即通过掩盖或躲避信息,当校长对对手存在的存在时掩盖或藏起。委托人的问题可以被建模是预测动态贝叶斯网络中的未来变量状态之一,虽然理论上,校长的决定可以任意差,但即使在强烈的假设下也是近似的最佳攻击有利于攻击者。然而,我们还描述了一个重要的特殊情况,其中过去状态对未来状态的依赖性是添加剂,其中我们可以有效地计算大约最佳的攻击。此外,在具有线性转换功能的网络中,我们可以在多项式时间内最佳地解决问题。

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