Geotechnical and monitoring challenges during excavation of a large urban tunnel in soft ground and low overburden

摘要

Nowadays, runnels in modern cities are essential providing both efficient infrastructure and pollution control. They are often excavated in difficult ground conditions. Hence tunneling engineers involved in such projects have to appreciate the inherent risks when dealing with natural ground (Vavrovsky et al. 2001). These risks depend on uncertainties in the ground model, in the physical properties of the ground, in limited accuracy and simplifications within the mathematical models used for design.